2021-06-27 21:02 Laminins, a large family of αβγ heterotrimeric proteins mainly found in basement membranes (BMs), are strong promoters of adhesion and migration of multiple cell types, such as tumor and immune cells, via several integrin receptors. Laminins play important roles in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis by regulating tissue architecture, cell adhesion, migration, and matrix-mediated signaling. Laminin heterotrimers are relatively large proteins with a molecular weight (MW) ranging from 400 to 900 KDa and exist as cross-shaped molecules with two or three short arms and one long arm. To date, five α, three β, and three γ laminin chains assemble into more than 15 laminin isoforms. Among human laminin α (LMα) chains, LMα5 is the largest of all laminin chains with an approximately MW of 350 KDa and the most widely expressed LMα chain in adult life. Besides, α5 is unique in containing functional Arg-Gly-Asp-(RGD) sequence. LMα5 constitutes laminin-511, 512, 513, and is present in epithelial BM (laminin-511) and vascular endothelial BM (laminin-511 and laminin-521). Especially, laminin-511 contributes to tumor dissemination and metastasis in advanced breast carcinomas and other tumor types.
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